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The Effects of Rhodiola Crenulata extract on Proliferation and Differentiation in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Jeremy G. Fisher1, Sigrid Bairdain1, Eric A. Sparks1, Faraz A Khan1, Jeremy Archer3, Michael Kenny2, Erika Edwards2, Roger Soll2,4, Biren P. Modi1, Scott Yeager5, Jeffrey Horbar2, Tom Jaksic1
1Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA; 2Vermont Oxford Network, Burlington, VT; 3Congenital Heart Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL and Billings Clinic, Billings, MT; 4Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; 5Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
Objective: Rhodiola Crenulata is a Tibetan plant extract found to have anti-neoplastic effects on a variety cancers. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of rhodiola crenulata plant extract on glioblastoma in vitro.
Design: Basic Science
Setting: Not Applicable
Patients: Not Applicable
Interventions: U-87MG glioblastoma multiforme cell line was utilized for evaluation in this study. Cells were treated with 200ug/ml of rhodiola crenulata and compared to ethanol vehicle control. Proliferation was measured at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after treatment utilizing an MTS proliferation assay. To further assess proliferation a clonogenicity assay was conducted. These cells were treated with ethanol vehicle control, 100ug/ml of rhodiola, radiation, or combined rhodiola/radiation treatment. To evaluate differentiation the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a protein marker of differentiation, was assessed with immunocytochemistry.
Main Outcome Measures: Proliferation, Differentiation
Results: Effects on proliferation were initially noted at 48hours after treatment and observed through the 96-hour period. At 96-hours after treatment significant difference was noted between the treatment group (200ug/ml of rhodiola) and control group (p=0.0006). Cell clonogenicity was reduced in the cells treated with 100ug/ml of rhodiola. The total number of colonies in the 100ug/ml rhodiola treated cells was significantly different when compared to the vehicle control (p=0.031); of note there was no difference noted when comparing the total number of colonies in the radiation treated cells to the vehicle control (p=0.4436). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), was found to be overexpressed in rhodiola crenulata treated cells.
Conclusions: Rhodiola crenulata extract effectively decreases proliferation and increases differentiation of glioblastoma cells in vitro. Further work is required to fully understand the full effects rhodiola crenulata has on glioblastoma.
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